Primary Aldosteronism, also called Conn’s syndrome, is an endocrine disorder where the adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone, which regulates sodium and potassium levels. Excessively high aldosterone levels can result in loss of potassium and retention of sodium.
Causes of Primary Aldosteronism
Primary aldosteronism is most commonly caused by:
- Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma (APA): A benign (non-cancerous) tumour in one adrenal gland that results in aldosterone overproduction.
- Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia: An overgrowth of both adrenal glands, causing excessive aldosterone production.
- Less Common Causes: Familial hyperaldosteronism or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome.
Symptoms of Primary Aldosteronism
Although many individuals with primary aldosteronism are asymptomatic, several key symptoms can signal the disorder:
- High Blood Pressure: Often resistant to conventional treatments for hypertension.
- Muscle Weakness and Cramps: Due to low potassium levels.
- Frequent Urination and Excessive Thirst: Resulting from altered fluid and mineral balance.
- Headaches and Fatigue: These are common due to the effects of high blood pressure and potassium imbalances.
If you have the symptoms above, it is important to consult an Endocrinologist. If not managed well, primary aldosteronism leads to increased sodium retention, high blood pressure, and related complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage. This condition is a common cause of secondary hypertension and can significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases if not treated. Early treatment helps control blood pressure and prevents complications like cardiovascular diseases, ensuring better long-term health.
Diagnosing Primary Aldosteronism
At Harmony Thyroid, Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Dr Vikram Sonawane, our experienced endocrinologist in Singapore, will conduct a thorough assessment that usually includes:
- Blood Tests:
- They measure aldosterone and renin levels, which are critical for assessing the hormone imbalance.
- The level of electrolytes, namely sodium and potassium, will also be measured.
- Confirmatory Tests: Tests like the saline infusion test, oral salt loading test, or fludrocortisone suppression test help confirm aldosterone excess.
- Imaging Tests: MRI or CT scans visualise adrenal abnormalities such as adenomas or hyperplasia.
Treatment Options for Primary Aldosteronism
Dr Vikram will tailor your treatment plan according to your condition, which typically includes:
- Medications: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists like spironolactone or eplerenone are used to block the effects of aldosterone when surgery is not an option.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Reducing salt intake and incorporating potassium-rich foods into the diet can help manage blood pressure and reduce symptoms.
Managing Life with Primary Aldosteronism
Living with primary aldosteronism requires careful management and regular monitoring:
- Regular Follow-Ups: Routine visits to an endocrinologist ensure hormone levels and blood pressure are monitored effectively.
- Medication Adjustments: Your doctor may need to adjust medications periodically to maintain optimal control of the condition.
- Prevention of Complications: Early treatment and consistent management reduce the risk of severe complications such as heart disease, strokes, or kidney damage.
If you suspect you have primary aldosteronism or have been diagnosed with resistant hypertension (high blood pressure that doesn’t improve significantly despite the use of multiple medications), you can schedule an appointment with our Senior Consultant Endocrinologist. Dr Vikram from Harmony Thyroid, Endocrinology, and Diabetes Centre is well-versed in diagnosing and treating primary aldosteronism, helping many patients effectively manage their condition.
