Type 1 Diabetes

Understanding Type 1 Diabetes

type 1 diabetes

Insulin is the hormone that regulates glucose in our body. The carbohydrates (glucose) in our food are the body’s main energy source. Once the carbohydrates are absorbed, glucose levels in the blood rise, signalling the pancreas to release insulin. Insulin is responsible for allowing glucose in our blood to enter muscle, fat, and liver cells so they can use it for energy or store it for later use.

Type 1 Diabetes, which used to be known as insulin-dependent diabetes, is an autoimmune condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone required for sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy. Unlike Type 2 diabetes, which is characterised by insulin resistance and typically associated with older age and obesity, Type 1 diabetes predominantly develops where the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone required for sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy. Unlike Type 2 diabetes, which is characterised by insulin resistance and typically associated with older age and obesity, Type 1 diabetes predominantly develops at a young age. Type 1 diabetes is often diagnosed at an early age and makes patients entirely Insulin-dependent.

The exact cause of Type 1 diabetes is not entirely understood yet. Still, it mainly involves the immune system causing irreversible damage to insulin-producing β cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Genetic factors and possibly viral infections might contribute to developing this autoimmune response. 

There is no known way to prevent or slow down the onset of Type 1 diabetes. Specialised care and insulin therapy can help patients with Type 1 diabetes manage their condition effectively.

Signs and Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes

Recognising the signs and symptoms of Type 1 diabetes is critical for early diagnosis and management. The most common symptoms include:

 

  • Increased thirst and frequent urination: Excess sugar buildup in your bloodstream pulls fluid from tissues, causing dehydration. This leads to drinking more than usual and more frequent urination. In certain patients, it causes extreme cravings for cold beverages. 
  • Unexplained weight loss: Despite eating more than usual to relieve hunger, rapid weight loss is often seen due to the inability to metabolise glucose and use it for energy, leading the body to break down muscle and fat.
  • Fatigue: When cells lack glucose, the body becomes energy-deprived, causing severe tiredness.
  • Blurred vision:  High blood sugar levels can draw fluid from the lenses of your eyes, affecting the ability to focus.
  • Mood Swings: Diabetes can affect your mood causing irritability or other mood changes.

Less prevalent symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and a sweet smell on the breath, often described as fruity. These are signs of possible diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening condition that needs immediate medical attention.

Signs and Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes
Indicators That You Need to See an Endocrinologist for Type 1 Diabetes

Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes should see a specialist endocrinologist

  • Complex Diabetes Management: If managing your Type 1 Diabetes becomes complex, involving frequent hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) episodes or difficulty in maintaining stable glucose levels, an Endocrinologist can provide specialised care.
  • Presence of Complications: An endocrinologist’s involvement is crucial for comprehensive care when managing complications related to diabetes, such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, or neuropathy.
  • Initiation of Insulin Therapy: Since Type 1 Diabetes requires insulin therapy upon initial diagnosis, consulting an Endocrinologist can ensure that the insulin regimen is appropriately tailored to your needs.
  • Changes in Treatment Plan: If the treatment regimen needs to be adjusted or intensified, an Endocrinologist can provide expert guidance on advanced treatment options like insulin pumps or continuous glucose monitors (CGMs).
  • Pregnancy or Planning for Pregnancy: Managing diabetes during pregnancy requires meticulous control, and Endocrinologists can help adjust your management plan to support a healthy pregnancy.

Seeing an Endocrinologist specialising in diabetology ensures that those with Type 1 Diabetes receive specialised and up-to-date care, aiming to maintain healthy blood sugar control and prevent complications.

Dr Vikram Sonawane

If you experience symptoms of Type 1 diabetes, book an appointment with Dr Vikram Sonawane, the Medical Director of  Harmony Thyroid Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre and an experienced Endocrinologist. 

Dr Vikram is well-versed in the treatment and management of prediabetes, diabetes and complex diabetic cases such as peripheral vascular disease, diabetic foot ulcers, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic kidney disease. His expertise ensures comprehensive care tailored to each patient’s unique needs, from early intervention to managing advanced complications.

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